Ever wondered what lies beneath the surface of our bustling cities and picturesque landscapes? Underground cities are like a secret world waiting to be explored—filled with mystery, history, and sometimes a little weirdness (in the best way possible). Over 15 years of solo travel, I’ve stumbled upon a few of these gems and always felt like Indiana Jones venturing into the unknown. From ancient labyrinths to modern-day cave towns, this list of 20 underground cities you can actually visit will have you adding “go below ground” to your travel bucket list.
1. Derinkuyu, Turkey
This ancient multi-level city in Cappadocia could house 20,000 people—and their animals! Walking through its narrow tunnels, you’ll feel like you’ve stepped into a medieval fantasy novel. Pro tip: Go early to beat the crowds (and claustrophobia).
2. Coober Pedy, Australia
Known as the “opal capital of the world,” this Australian mining town is mostly underground. Locals live in “dugouts” to escape the sweltering heat. Quirky pubs and underground churches make this one-of-a-kind.
3. Montréal’s RESO, Canada
Don’t let the snow keep you inside—explore Montréal’s underground city! This modern network of tunnels links shopping malls, hotels, and even metro stations. It’s the urban underground, Canadian style.
4. Petra, Jordan
Okay, technically not just underground, but Petra’s hidden tombs and temples carved into cliffs deserve a spot on this list. Walk through the Siq (the narrow gorge), and you’ll feel like you’re entering another world.
5. Setenil de las Bodegas, Spain
Not your average Spanish town. Here, whitewashed houses are built right into rock overhangs. Stroll along streets shaded by towering cliffs and grab a bite at a cave-side café.
6. Xi’an’s Underground Terracotta Army, China
Thousands of life-sized terracotta soldiers buried underground guard the tomb of China’s first emperor. It’s one of the most mind-blowing archaeological finds ever.
7. Wieliczka Salt Mine, Poland
Salt mine turned wonderland! Descend into a surreal underground space with carved salt chandeliers, chapels, and sculptures. It’s a literal salt of the earth experience.
8. Kaymakli, Turkey
Another Cappadocian masterpiece! Kaymakli is smaller than Derinkuyu but equally fascinating. It’s all about hidden passageways and ingenious ventilation systems.
9. Matmata, Tunisia
Cue the Star Wars theme music—this town’s cave homes served as Luke Skywalker’s Tatooine digs. You can even stay in a cave hotel. Sci-fi meets history!
10. Edinburgh Vaults, Scotland
The eerie underground vaults beneath Edinburgh’s Old Town are steeped in ghost stories. It’s a must for thrill-seekers and history buffs alike.
11. Vardzia, Georgia
This ancient cave monastery is carved into a cliff and looks like a honeycomb from afar. The views from up here? Unreal.
12. Sassi di Matera, Italy
These ancient cave dwellings in Matera are now trendy boutique hotels and restaurants. It’s rustic charm with a side of luxury.
13. Cappadocia’s Fairy Chimneys, Turkey
While not a city, these cave dwellings in Cappadocia’s iconic landscape deserve a shout-out. Hot air balloon rides give you the best view of these natural wonders.
14. Naours, France
This hidden village of caves served as a refuge during wars. Walking through the underground alleys feels like stepping back in time.
15. Montreal Caves, Vietnam
The Hang Sơn Đoòng cave is the largest in the world and big enough to house a skyscraper. It’s a bucket-list adventure (if you can snag a permit).
16. Béguinage, Belgium
A little medieval charm underground! This lesser-known gem in Belgium is a peaceful escape filled with history.
17. Orvieto Underground, Italy
This maze of tunnels beneath Orvieto reveals the secrets of its Etruscan past. Fun fact: You’ll find ancient olive oil presses down there!
18. Subtropolis, USA
Kansas City’s Subtropolis is the largest underground business complex in the world. It’s like an office park but underground. Weird, right?
19. Chislehurst Caves, England
From Druid rituals to wartime shelters, these man-made caves have seen it all. Tours are led by lantern light for extra vibes.
20. Montreal, Canada (again!)
Montréal gets a double mention because, well, it’s just that cool underground. RESO isn’t just a winter escape; it’s an underground lifestyle.
Exploring these underground cities and cave towns is like unlocking a secret level in the game of travel. Each one tells a unique story, whether it’s a sanctuary from the elements, a marvel of engineering, or a glimpse into ancient civilizations. So, grab a flashlight, channel your inner explorer, and dive (literally) into these underground adventures.